Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is a common overuse injury that causes pain on the outer side of the knee, often affecting runners, cyclists, and those engaged in repetitive lower-body movements. It occurs when the iliotibial (IT) band, a thick connective tissue running from the hip to the shin, ...

The Achilles tendon is the strongest and largest tendon in the human body, connecting the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the calf to the calcaneus (heel bone). It plays a critical role in movement by transmitting force from the calf muscles to the foot, enabling plantarflexion (pointing the ...

Osteoporosis of the spine (vertebral osteoporosis) is a condition where the bones in your spine become weak, porous, and brittle due to loss of bone density. The vertebrae can become so fragile that they may fracture or compress even during normal daily activities.
Common symptoms include:
Height...

Shoulder impingement is a common painful condition affecting the shoulder joint, characterized by compression or irritation of the soft tissues between the acromion process of the shoulder blade and the head of the humerus. These boney landmarks can cause pain in the rotator cuff tendons ( (of th...

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition where the cartilage cushioning the ends of the bones in the hip joint gradually breaks down. This leads to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, and when the cartilage deteriorates, the bones ma...

Cervical and Upper Thoracic back pain refers to discomfort or pain occurring in the area of the base of the head, the neck, and the upper back /shoulder region. This region consists of the capitol spine (Occiput, C1, and C2) and the cervical spine (C-2-C7), plus the upper Thoracic region (T1-T7),...

Middle back pain refers to discomfort or pain occurring in the thoracic spine, the area between the base of the neck and the bottom of the rib cage. This region consists of 12 vertebrae (T1-T12), which are connected to the ribs and provide structural support and stability. Middle back pain is les...

Back pain is the most googled issue on the internet, and one that individuals often miss work the most, as lower back pain is very common. It often results from a strain (injury), lack of use, sedentary lifestyle, or trauma that leads to muscular imbalances. Other causes include arthritis, struct...

Piriformis syndrome is a rare disorder that affects the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, starting in each hip and running down each leg. The piriformis muscle is a thin muscle found in the buttocks that allows the hip to externally rotate. D...

Hip replacement surgery, or hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which an orthopedic surgeon removes the diseased parts of the hip joint and replaces them with new, artificial parts. These artificial parts mimic the function of the normal hip joint and can immediately improve mobility. U...

A knee replacement is surgery to replace all or some of your knee joint. It’s a type of procedure called an arthroplasty (joint replacement). A total knee replacement is the most common type of knee replacement, where all three areas of your knee joint — the inside (medial), outside (lateral) an...

Knee pain is common as we age. The knee is affected by surrounding joints, such as the hip, ankle, and foot. When nearby joints cannot take on necessary stress, knees can pick up motions that they are not designed for, causing pain. It is often caused by a combination of age-related changes, o...

Plantar fasciitis is a common foot condition characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot, connecting your heel bone to your toes. It typically causes a stabbing pain near the heel, which is often most intense with the first ...